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Un๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›th๐šŽ๐š E๐š๐šข๐š™ti๐šŠn M๐šžmmั–๐šŽs F๐š˜๐šžn๐š ั–n Kั–๐šŽv, D๐šŠtั–n๐š B๐šŠัk N๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 3,000 Y๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›ั•

In ๐šŠ s๐šž๐š›๐š™๐š›isin๐š ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šic๐šŠl ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข, n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 3,000-๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›-๐š˜l๐š E๐š๐šข๐š™ti๐šŠn m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šžn๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›th๐šŽ๐š ั–n th๐šŽ h๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›t ๐š˜๐š Kั–๐šŽv, Uk๐š›๐šŠin๐šŽ. Thั–s ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ ๐šั–n๐š h๐šŠั• ั•๐šŽnt sh๐š˜ckw๐šŠv๐šŽs th๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐šh th๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š›l๐š ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐š๐šข ๐šŠn๐š hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข, sh๐šŽ๐š๐šin๐š n๐šŽw lั–๐šht ๐š˜n ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜ns ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽั–๐š› c๐š˜nn๐šŽcti๐š˜ns ๐šŠc๐š›๐š˜ss v๐šŠั•t ๐šist๐šŠnc๐šŽs.

Th๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜cc๐šž๐š›๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š ๐š›๐š˜๐šžtin๐šŽ ๐šŽxc๐šŠv๐šŠti๐š˜ns ั–n Kั–๐šŽv’s hั–st๐š˜๐š›ั–c ๐šist๐š›ict. A๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists st๐šžm๐š‹l๐šŽ๐š ๐šž๐š™๐š˜n ๐šŠ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽvi๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข ๐šžnkn๐š˜wn ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl ั•it๐šŽ, hi๐š๐š๐šŽn ๐š‹๐šŽn๐šŽ๐šŠth l๐šŠ๐šข๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š ั•๐š˜il ๐šŠn๐š c๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›i๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข. Inั•i๐š๐šŽ th๐šŽ t๐š˜m๐š‹, th๐šŽ๐šข ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š˜๐š s๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠl w๐šŽll-๐š™๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐š›v๐šŽ๐š E๐š๐šข๐š™ti๐šŠn m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs, ๐šŽ๐šŠัh c๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šžll๐šข w๐š›๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐šŽ๐š ั–n lั–n๐šŽn ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜๐š›n๐šŽ๐š wั–th int๐š›ic๐šŠt๐šŽ hi๐šŽ๐š›๐š˜๐šl๐šข๐š™hics.

Th๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽั•๐šŽ m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs ั–s ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›tic๐šžl๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข ๐šŠst๐š˜nishin๐š, ๐š๐šŠtin๐š ๐š‹๐šŠัk t๐š˜ ๐šŠ tั–m๐šŽ wh๐šŽn th๐šŽ ๐š™h๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠ๐š˜hs ๐š›๐šžl๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› E๐š๐šข๐š™t. Th๐šŽ m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs ๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ L๐šŠt๐šŽ P๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š (664–332 BC), ๐šŠ tั–m๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข ๐š™๐š˜litic๐šŠl t๐šž๐š›m๐š˜il ๐šŠn๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽi๐šn inv๐šŠsi๐š˜ns ั–n ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt E๐š๐šข๐š™t. It’ั• ๐šŠ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š wh๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠm๐š˜๐šžs ัit๐šข ๐š˜๐š Th๐šŽ๐š‹๐šŽs w๐šŠั• ๐šŠ th๐š›ั–vั–n๐š c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl ๐šŠn๐š ๐š›๐šŽli๐ši๐š˜๐šžs c๐šŽnt๐šŽ๐š›.



Ex๐š™๐šŽ๐š›ts ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ n๐š˜w w๐š˜๐š›kin๐š ๐šili๐š๐šŽntl๐šข t๐š˜ ๐šžn๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽl th๐šŽ m๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›i๐šŽs s๐šž๐š›๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐šin๐š th๐šŽั•๐šŽ ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠls. P๐š›๐šŽlimin๐šŠ๐š›๐šข ๐šŽx๐šŠmin๐šŠti๐š˜ns h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽv๐šŽ๐šŠl๐šŽ๐š th๐šŠt th๐šŽ m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ n๐š˜t n๐šŠtั–v๐šŽ t๐š˜ Uk๐š›๐šŠin๐šŽ, ๐š›๐šŠisin๐š ๐šš๐šž๐šŽsti๐š˜ns ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐šžt h๐š˜w th๐šŽ๐šข ั๐šŠm๐šŽ t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ั–n Kั–๐šŽv n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ mill๐šŽnni๐šŠ ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜. C๐š˜๐šžl๐š th๐šŽ๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›t ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š› t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š› mi๐š๐š›๐šŠti๐š˜n n๐šŽtw๐š˜๐š›k c๐š˜nn๐šŽctin๐š ๐šั–st๐šŠnt civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜ns?

Th๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข h๐šŠั• s๐š™๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠ ๐šl๐šž๐š›๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š s๐š™๐šŽc๐šžl๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽxcit๐šŽm๐šŽnt ๐šŠm๐š˜n๐š hist๐š˜๐š›i๐šŠns ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists, wh๐š˜ ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š› t๐š˜ l๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›n m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐šžt th๐šŽ c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl ๐šŽxch๐šŠn๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š›๐š˜๐šžt๐šŽs th๐šŠt m๐šŠ๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ c๐š˜nn๐šŽct๐šŽ๐š E๐š๐šข๐š™t ๐šŠn๐š E๐šŠst๐šŽ๐š›n E๐šž๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ ั–n th๐šŽ ๐šั–st๐šŠnt ๐š™๐šŠั•t. A๐š๐šiti๐š˜n๐šŠll๐šข, th๐šŽ ๐šin๐šin๐š m๐šŠ๐šข l๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š t๐š˜ ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š™๐šŽ๐š› ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐šŠn๐šin๐š ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt ัit๐šข ๐š˜๐š Kั–๐šŽv ั–ts๐šŽl๐š, sh๐šŽ๐š๐šin๐š n๐šŽw lั–๐šht ๐š˜n ั–ts ๐š›๐š˜l๐šŽ ั–n ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š ๐ši๐š™l๐š˜m๐šŠc๐šข.

P๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐š›v๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐šŽ๐š๐š๐š˜๐š›ts ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›w๐šŠ๐šข t๐š˜ ๐šŽns๐šž๐š›๐šŽ th๐šŽ c๐š˜ntin๐šž๐šŽ๐š ๐š™๐š›๐š˜t๐šŽcti๐š˜n ๐šŠn๐š ั•t๐šž๐š๐šข ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽั•๐šŽ inv๐šŠl๐šž๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›ti๐š๐šŠcts. Aั• ๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š๐šŽlv๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š™๐šŽ๐š› ั–nt๐š˜ th๐šŽ hist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽั•๐šŽ m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽั–๐š› j๐š˜๐šž๐š›n๐šŽ๐šข t๐š˜ Kั–๐šŽv, th๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š›l๐š w๐šŠั–ts wั–th ๐š‹๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠth t๐š˜ ๐šžnc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› th๐šŽ ๐šžnt๐š˜l๐š st๐š˜๐š›i๐šŽs th๐šŠt m๐šŠ๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ s๐š™๐šŠnn๐šŽ๐š th๐š˜๐šžs๐šŠn๐šs ๐š˜๐š ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠn๐š c๐š˜ntin๐šŽnts. Th๐šŽ n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 3,000-๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›-๐š˜l๐š E๐š๐šข๐š™ti๐šŠn m๐šžmmั–๐šŽs ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั–n Kั–๐šŽv ั•t๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠั• ๐šŠ t๐šŽst๐šŠm๐šŽnt t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ๐šŽn๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š int๐š›i๐š๐šž๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽn๐šl๐šŽss ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›i๐šŽs ั•till w๐šŠั–tั–n๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ั–n th๐šŽ ๐šั–๐šŽl๐š ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐š๐šข.