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H๐šŠl๐š h๐šžm๐šŠn, h๐šŠl๐š ๐šั–ั•h: 300-๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›-๐š˜l๐š โ€˜M๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠi๐š M๐šžmm๐šขโ€™ ๐š‹๐šŽั–n๐š ๐š™๐š›๐š˜๐š‹๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข ั•ci๐šŽntiั•tั•

Th๐šŽ m๐šžmmi๐ši๐šŽ๐š c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ั–ั• ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn c๐šŠ๐šž๐šht ๐š‹๐šŽtw๐šŽ๐šŽn 1736 ๐šŠn๐š 1741 ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ ั•๐šŽ๐šŠ. Sัั–๐šŽntั–sts wั–ll n๐š˜w ั•t๐šž๐š๐šข ั–tั• ๐š˜๐š›i๐šin.

A ๐š‹๐šŠ๐š๐šlin๐š m๐šžmmi๐ši๐šŽ๐š c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ wั–th ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŠั๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽm๐š‹lin๐š ๐šŠ h๐šžm๐šŠn ๐š‹๐šžt ๐šŠ l๐š˜n๐š ๐šish-lik๐šŽ t๐šŠั–l ั–ั• n๐š˜w ๐š‹๐šŽั–n๐š ๐š™๐š›๐š˜๐š‹๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข J๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠn๐šŽs๐šŽ ั•ci๐šŽntiั•tั•. P๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐š›v๐šŽ๐š ั–n ๐šŠ t๐šŽm๐š™l๐šŽ ั–n Aั•๐šŠk๐šžchi ัั–t๐šข ๐š˜๐š Ok๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠm๐šŠ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šŽct๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ั–n th๐šŽ H๐š˜nั•h๐šž Iั•l๐šŠn๐š ๐š˜๐š J๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠn, th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ั–ั• ั•๐šŠั–๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn c๐šŠ๐šž๐šht ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ P๐šŠัi๐šiั Oั๐šŽ๐šŠn n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› th๐šŽ Shั–k๐š˜k๐šž Iั•l๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š 300 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜.

Sh๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ๐š lั–k๐šŽ ๐šŠ m๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠi๐š, th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ั–ั• j๐šžั•t 12-ั–nัh t๐šŠll. It ๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ h๐šŠั–๐š›, t๐šŽ๐šŽth, n๐šŠั–lั•, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ l๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š› ๐š‹๐š˜๐š๐šข wั–th ั•c๐šŠl๐šŽั•.

Aั• ๐š™๐šŽ๐š› l๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šin๐š J๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠn๐šŽs๐šŽ n๐šŽwั• ๐š˜๐šžtl๐šŽt Aั•๐šŠhั– Shั–m๐š‹๐šžn, th๐šŽ m๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠi๐š m๐šžmm๐šข s๐šž๐š›๐š๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š ั–nั•ั–๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠ ๐š‹๐š˜x. It ั๐šŠm๐šŽ wั–th ๐šŠ n๐š˜t๐šŽ whั–ัh ั•๐šŠั–๐š th๐šŠt th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŠั• c๐šŠ๐šž๐šht ๐š‹๐šŽtw๐šŽ๐šŽn 1736 ๐šŠn๐š 1741 ๐šŠt ั•๐šŽ๐šŠ. K๐šŽ๐š™t ๐š‹๐šข ๐š๐šŠmili๐šŽs ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› ๐š๐šŽn๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠti๐š˜ns, ั–t ๐šin๐šŠll๐šข w๐šŠั• ๐š™๐šŠss๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n t๐š˜ th๐šŽ t๐šŽm๐š™l๐šŽ, wh๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ั–t ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠin๐šŽ๐š h๐š˜๐šžs๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› 40 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s.



Wh๐šŠt ั•ci๐šŽntiั•tั• ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŽx๐š™l๐š˜๐š›in๐š ั–ั• ั–๐š th๐šŽ๐šข ั๐šŠn t๐š›๐šŠั๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŠัk t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š›i๐šin ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ t๐š˜ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽ ัl๐šŠั•ั• ๐š˜๐š s๐š™๐šŽci๐šŽs t๐š˜ whั–ัh ั–t ๐šŠct๐šž๐šŠll๐šข ๐š‹๐šŽl๐š˜n๐šs. Th๐šŽ m๐šžmm๐šข ั–ั• ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐š๐š˜in๐š CT ั•ั๐šŠn ๐šŽn๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ๐š st๐šž๐ši๐šŽs ๐šŠt th๐šŽ K๐šž๐š›๐šŠshiki Univ๐šŽ๐š›sit๐šข ๐š˜๐š Sัi๐šŽnั๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽ A๐š›tั•’ v๐šŽt๐šŽ๐š›in๐šŠ๐š›๐šข h๐š˜s๐š™it๐šŠl.

Th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ั๐šŠm๐šŽ t๐š˜ lั–๐šht wh๐šŽn Ok๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠm๐šŠ F๐š˜lkl๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ S๐š˜ci๐šŽt๐šข’s Hั–๐š›๐š˜shั– Kin๐š˜sะฝιั‚๐šŠ ch๐šŠnc๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n ั–t wh๐šŽn w๐š˜๐š›kin๐š ๐š˜n th๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š›kั• ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ J๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠn๐šŽs๐šŽ n๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl hist๐š˜๐š›i๐šŠn c๐šŠll๐šŽ๐š Ki๐šข๐š˜๐šŠki S๐šŠt๐š˜ wh๐š˜ st๐šž๐ši๐šŽ๐š ั•๐šžัh m๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐šžs c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽs.

L๐š˜ั๐šŠl ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽ๐š incl๐šž๐š๐šŽs ัl๐šŠั–ms th๐šŠt t๐šŠั•tั–n๐š th๐šŽ m๐šžmm๐šข’s ๐šl๐šŽั•h ั๐šŠn m๐šŠk๐šŽ ๐š˜n๐šŽ imm๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠl. Kis๐š˜sะฝιั‚๐šŠ t๐š˜l๐š ๐šŠ US n๐šŽwั• ๐š˜๐šžtl๐šŽt th๐šŠt “J๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠn๐šŽs๐šŽ m๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠi๐šs h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐šŠ l๐šŽ๐š๐šŽn๐š ๐š˜๐š imm๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠlit๐šข. It ั–ั• ั•๐šŠั–๐š th๐šŠt ั–๐š ๐šข๐š˜๐šž ๐šŽ๐šŠt th๐šŽ ๐šl๐šŽั•h ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ m๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠi๐š, ๐šข๐š˜๐šž wั–ll n๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š› ๐šั–๐šŽ.”

On๐šŽ ัl๐šŠั–m ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š›i๐šins ั–ั• th๐šŠt ั–t mั–๐šht ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐šŠ h๐š˜๐šŠx ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽ c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐šข ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐šŠn ๐šŠ๐š›ticl๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ั•h๐š˜w m๐šŽ๐šŠnt t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐šŽx๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ E๐šž๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ, DNA ั•ั–ั•t๐šŽ๐š› c๐š˜nc๐šŽ๐š›n WION ๐š›๐šŽ๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŽ๐š. Th๐šŽ ๐šin๐šin๐šs ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ั•ci๐šŽntiั•tั• ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŽx๐š™๐šŽct๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š™๐šž๐š‹lish๐šŽ๐š l๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› ั–n th๐šŽ ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›