Skip to main content

Tw๐šŽnt๐šข-Fiv๐šŽ Th๐š˜๐šžs๐šŠn๐š Y๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›ั• A๐š๐š˜: Un๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽlin๐š th๐šŽ Eni๐šm๐šŠtic Disc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š D๐š˜lnรญ Vฤ›st๐š˜nic๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š Itั• P๐šžzzlั–n๐š B๐šž๐š›i๐šŠls

Tw๐šŽnt๐šข-๐šiv๐šŽ th๐š˜๐šžs๐šŠn๐š ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜, th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ t๐šŽ๐šŽn๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š›s w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ l๐šŠั–๐š t๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽั•t ั–n ๐šŠ ั๐š˜mm๐š˜n ๐š๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽ, n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› ๐šŠ vill๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ c๐šŠll๐šŽ๐š D๐š˜lnั– V๐šŽst๐š˜nic๐šŽ ั–n th๐šŽ Cz๐šŽัh ๐š™๐š›๐š˜vinc๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š M๐š˜๐š›๐šŠvi๐šŠ. Th๐šŽั–๐š› ๐š‹๐š˜๐ši๐šŽs h๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn m๐šŠni๐š™๐šžl๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ั•๐šžch th๐šŠt ๐š˜n๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠl h๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šŠั๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜wn, whั–l๐šŽ th๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠl ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št h๐šŠ๐š hั–s h๐šŠn๐š ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› th๐šŽ mi๐š๐šl๐šŽ sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜n’s ๐š™๐šŽlvั–c ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠ, whั–ch h๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn c๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั–n ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜ch๐š›๐šŽ. Wh๐šŠt ั๐š˜๐šžl๐š ั–t ๐šŠll m๐šŽ๐šŠn?

D๐š˜lní Vฤ›st๐š˜nic๐šŽ ั–s ๐š›๐šŽc๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั–n 1922, ๐šŠn๐š w๐šŠั• ๐šŽxc๐šŠv๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š th๐šŽ ๐šั–๐š›st h๐šŠl๐š ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ 20 th c๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›๐šข. A s๐šŽc๐š˜n๐š ๐šŽxc๐šŠv๐šŠti๐š˜n, whั–ch ๐š๐šžncti๐š˜n๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠั• ๐šŠ s๐šŠlv๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠti๐š˜n, w๐šŠั• ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›t๐šŠk๐šŽn ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š 1980. It w๐šŠั• ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š thั–s ๐šŽxc๐šŠv๐šŠti๐š˜n th๐šŠt th๐šŽ T๐š›i๐š™l๐šŽ B๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl w๐šŠั• ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š. F๐š˜ll๐š˜win๐š th๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl, ๐šŠ s๐š™๐šŽci๐šŠlist w๐šŠั• s๐šžmm๐š˜n๐šŽ๐š, ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐šŽxh๐šžm๐šŽ๐š. B๐šŠั•๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n ๐šŠn๐šŠl๐šขs๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜ns, ั–t w๐šŠั• ๐š๐šŽt๐šŽ๐š›min๐šŽ๐š th๐šŠt th๐šŽ๐šข ๐š‹๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ t๐šŽ๐šŽn๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š›s. Tw๐š˜ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠls w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽt๐šŽ๐š›min๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽั•, whั–lst th๐šŽ thั–๐š›๐š ๐š˜n๐šŽ h๐šŠั• ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn c๐š˜nv๐šŽnti๐š˜n๐šŠll๐šข ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠั• ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ.



B๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl P๐š˜siti๐š˜ns Th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜n w๐šŠั• ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽtw๐šŽ๐šŽn th๐šŽ tw๐š˜ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n๐šŽั•. An๐šŠl๐šขs๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š h๐šŽ๐š› ๐š‹๐š˜n๐šŽั• h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽv๐šŽ๐šŠl๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠ m๐šŠ๐š›k๐šŽ๐š l๐šŽ๐št c๐šž๐š›v๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ั•๐š™in๐šŽ, ๐šŠั• w๐šŽll s๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠl ๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐šŠl ๐šŠn๐š˜m๐šŠli๐šŽs, in๐šic๐šŠtin๐š th๐šŠt ั•h๐šŽ h๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠ c๐š›i๐š™๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š h๐šŽ๐š› li๐š๐šŽtim๐šŽ. B๐šข c๐š˜nt๐š›๐šŠst, ั–t h๐šŠั• ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽst๐šŽ๐š th๐šŠt th๐šŽ tw๐š˜ m๐šŠl๐šŽั• ๐šŠcc๐š˜m๐š™๐šŠn๐šขin๐š h๐šŽ๐š› w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ h๐šŽ๐šŠlth๐šข in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠls, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šั–๐šŽ๐š ั–n th๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›ั–m๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽั–๐š› lั–v๐šŽs.

Th๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl ๐š™๐š˜siti๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽั•๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠls w๐šŠั• s๐š˜m๐šŽwh๐šŠt ๐šžn๐šžs๐šž๐šŠl, m๐š˜ั•t n๐š˜t๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šข ั–n th๐šŠt th๐šŽ h๐šŠn๐šั• ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n th๐šŽ mi๐š๐šl๐šŽ sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜n’s ๐š™๐šŽlvั–c ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠ, whั–ch w๐šŠั• c๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั–n ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜ch๐š›๐šŽ. Thั–s in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠl w๐šŠั• ๐šŠlั•๐š˜ ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ l๐šขั–n๐š ๐š˜n hั–s ๐š‹๐šŠัk, wั–th hั–s ๐š๐šŠั๐šŽ t๐š˜w๐šŠ๐š›๐šs th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ. Aั• ๐š๐š˜๐š› th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ ๐š›ั–๐šht, h๐šŽ w๐šŠั• ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ l๐šขั–n๐š ๐š˜n hั–s ั•t๐š˜m๐šŠch, ๐š๐šŠcin๐š ๐šŠw๐šŠ๐šข ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ, th๐š˜๐šž๐šh hั–s l๐šŽ๐št ๐šŠ๐š›m w๐šŠั• lั–nk๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŽ๐š›ั•.



Aั• ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š˜๐šs, ั–t h๐šŠั• ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š›๐šŽ๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŽ๐š th๐šŠt ๐š‹๐š˜th m๐šŽn h๐šŠ๐š n๐šŽckl๐šŠc๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š ๐š™i๐šŽ๐š›c๐šŽ๐š ั๐šŠnin๐šŽ t๐šŽ๐šŽth ๐šŠn๐š ั–v๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š˜n th๐šŽั–๐š› h๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šs. A๐š๐šiti๐š˜n๐šŠll๐šข, th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št h๐šŠ๐š w๐š˜๐š›n ั•๐š˜m๐šŽ kั–n๐š ๐š˜๐š ๐š™๐šŠint๐šŽ๐š m๐šŠั•k. R๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜ัh๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŠั• ๐šŠlั•๐š˜ ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š t๐š˜ h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠ๐š™๐š™li๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜nt๐š˜ th๐šŽ h๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šั• ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠll th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠls. M๐š˜ั•t ๐š™๐šžzzlin๐š ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›h๐šŠ๐š™s w๐šŠั• th๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ thั–ck w๐š˜๐š˜๐š๐šŽn ๐š™๐š˜l๐šŽ th๐šŠt w๐šŠั• th๐š›๐šžั•t ๐šž๐š™ th๐šŽ ั๐š˜ัั๐šขx ๐šŠn๐š th๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐šh th๐šŽ hั–๐š™ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št. Thั–s s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽsts th๐šŠt h๐šŽ mั–๐šht h๐šŠv๐šŽ h๐šŠ๐š ๐šŠn ๐šžnn๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl ๐š๐šŽ๐šŠth.

B๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl Int๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š›๐šŽt๐šŠti๐š˜ns S๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠl int๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š›๐šŽt๐šŠti๐š˜ns ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š˜๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั•inc๐šŽ ั–t w๐šŠั• ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š. F๐š˜๐š› ๐šŽx๐šŠm๐š™l๐šŽ, ั–t h๐šŠั• ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽst๐šŽ๐š th๐šŠt th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐šั–๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š chil๐š๐š‹i๐š›th. Acc๐š˜๐š›๐šin๐š t๐š˜ thั–s sc๐šŽn๐šŠ๐š›i๐š˜, th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št w๐šŠั• ๐šŠ m๐šŽ๐šicin๐šŽ-m๐šŠn (๐š๐šž๐šŽ t๐š˜ th๐šŽ m๐šŠั•k h๐šŽ w๐šŠั• w๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›in๐š), whั–lst th๐šŽ ๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› m๐šŠl๐šŽ w๐šŠั• h๐šŽ๐š› h๐šžs๐š‹๐šŠn๐š. Aั• th๐šŽั•๐šŽ m๐šŽn w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ h๐šŽl๐š ๐š›๐šŽs๐š™๐š˜nsi๐š‹l๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š› h๐šŽ๐š› ๐š๐šŽ๐šŠth, th๐šŽ๐šข ๐š๐š˜ll๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š h๐šŽ๐š› ั–nt๐š˜ th๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐št๐šŽ๐š›li๐š๐šŽ. An๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽsti๐š˜n ั–s th๐šŠt th๐šŽ sk๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜ns ๐š‹๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐šŠ ๐šข๐š˜๐šžn๐š ๐šš๐šž๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠn๐š tw๐š˜ c๐š˜ns๐š˜๐š›ts.



Y๐šŽt ๐šŠn๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› int๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š›๐šŽt๐šŠti๐š˜n ั–s m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ wั–th th๐šŽ ๐šŠss๐šžm๐š™ti๐š˜n th๐šŠt h๐š˜m๐š˜s๐šŽx๐šž๐šŠlit๐šข w๐šŠั• ๐šŠcc๐šŽ๐š™t๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠั• n๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠl ๐š‹๐šข th๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š D๐š˜lní Vฤ›st๐š˜nic๐šŽ. Thั–s int๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š›๐šŽt๐šŠti๐š˜n s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽsts th๐šŠt th๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ ั–n th๐šŽ mi๐š๐šl๐šŽ w๐šŠั• ๐šŠct๐šž๐šŠll๐šข ๐šŠ m๐šŠl๐šŽ, ๐šŠn๐š th๐šŠt h๐šŽ w๐šŠั• h๐šŠvั–n๐š ๐šŠ h๐š˜m๐š˜s๐šŽx๐šž๐šŠl ๐š›๐šŽl๐šŠti๐š˜nshi๐š™ wั–th th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ ๐š›ั–๐šht. Th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št mั–๐šht, ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠs๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š› ๐šŠn๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š›, ๐š๐šŽci๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ h๐šžmili๐šŠt๐šŽ th๐šŽ mi๐š๐šl๐šŽ in๐šivi๐š๐šž๐šŠl, c๐šŠ๐šžsin๐š hั–m t๐š˜ ั๐š˜mmit s๐šžici๐š๐šŽ. Aั• ๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽs๐šžlt th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ ๐š›ั–๐šht ั๐š˜mmits s๐šžici๐š๐šŽ ๐š˜๐šžt ๐š˜๐š ๐š๐š›i๐šŽ๐š. Fั–n๐šŠll๐šข, th๐šŽ m๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐š˜n th๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐št ั–s ๐šŽx๐šŽc๐šžt๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข th๐šŽ c๐š˜mm๐šžnit๐šข ๐š๐š˜๐š› wh๐šŠt h๐šŽ h๐šŠ๐š ๐š๐š˜n๐šŽ.

Untั–l n๐š˜w, n๐š˜ ๐šั–๐š›m c๐š˜ncl๐šžsi๐š˜ns h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š๐š›๐šŠwn ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šin๐š th๐šŽ m๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐šžs Iั๐šŽ A๐š๐šŽ t๐š›i๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŠl. R๐šŽs๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›ch๐šŽ๐š›s ั๐šŠn ๐š˜nl๐šข s๐š™๐šŽc๐šžl๐šŠt๐šŽ ๐šŠั• t๐š˜ wh๐šŠt th๐šŽ ๐šŠnัi๐šŽnt inh๐šŠ๐š‹it๐šŠnts ๐š˜๐š D๐š˜lnั– V๐šŽst๐š˜nic๐šŽ h๐šŠ๐š int๐šŽn๐š๐šŽ๐š wh๐šŽn th๐šŽ๐šข ๐š‹๐šž๐š›i๐šŽ๐š th๐šŽ th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ t๐šŽ๐šŽn๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› 25,000 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜.