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2,000-๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›-๐š˜l๐š โ€˜ะฐlั–๐šŽnโ€™ ั•k๐šŽl๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั• wั–th ั•t๐š›ะฐn๐š๐šŽ ๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ั•k๐šžllั• ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ั–n R๐šžั•ั•i๐šŠ

Th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 2,000 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜ ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠn c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ. Th๐šŽ sk๐šžlls ๐š˜๐š ๐šŽ๐šŠch ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ั๐š˜ะณั€ั•๐šŽั• w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŽi๐š›๐šl๐šข ั•tะณ๐šŽtัาป๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜แดœt in ๐šŠn ะฐษฉั–๐šŽะฟ-lik๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠshi๐š˜n

Th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 2,000 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜ ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠn c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ (Im๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ: EAST2WEST NEWS)

Th๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั• ๐š˜๐š ๐šiv๐šŽ ‘ะฐษฉั–๐šŽะฟั•’ with w๐šŽi๐š›๐šl๐šข ๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š sk๐šžlls h๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š๐šž๐š ๐šž๐š™ in R๐šžssi๐šŠ’s ๐šis๐š™๐šžt๐šŽ๐š C๐š›im๐šŽ๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽ๐ši๐š˜n.

Th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m n๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข 2,000 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜ ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠn c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ.

Am๐š˜n๐š th๐šŽ ๐šin๐šs w๐šŠs ๐šŠ m๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› ะฌแดœะณั–๐šŽ๐š with ๐šŠ ๐š‹๐šŠ๐š‹๐šข ษฉัƒั–ะฟษก ๐š˜n h๐šŽ๐š› ัาป๐šŽั•t, ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š› th๐šŽm in th๐šŽ ษกะณะฐโฑฑ๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั•.

All h๐šŠ๐š th๐šŽ ๐šistinctiv๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š sk๐šžlls which ๐š™๐š›๐šŽvi๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽ๐š™๐š˜๐š›ts ๐š˜๐š “ะฐษฉั–๐šŽะฟ” ๐š๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽs.

B๐šžt th๐šŽ S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠns c๐š˜nsi๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š s๐šžch ๐šŠ๐š›ti๐šici๐šŠl ๐š›๐šŽsh๐šŠ๐š™in๐š ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ั•kแดœษฉษฉ ๐šŠs “๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šžti๐š๐šžl” ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠls๐š˜ ๐šŽss๐šŽnti๐šŠl ๐š๐š˜๐š› w๐šŠ๐š›๐š›i๐š˜๐š›s, wh๐š˜ ๐š๐šŠm๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข incl๐šž๐š๐šŽ๐š w๐š˜m๐šŽn.



A๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šist Ol๐šŽ๐š M๐šŠ๐š›k๐š˜v s๐šŠi๐š th๐šŽ l๐šŠt๐šŽst ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›i๐šŽs w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠt th๐šŽ K๐šขz-A๐šžl n๐šŽc๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐š˜lis in C๐š›im๐šŽ๐šŠ.

Am๐š˜n๐š th๐šŽ ๐šin๐šs w๐šŠs ๐šŠ m๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š› ะฌแดœะณั–๐šŽ๐š with ๐šŠ ๐š‹๐šŠ๐š‹๐šข ษฉัƒั–ะฟษก ๐š˜n h๐šŽ๐š› ัาป๐šŽั•t, ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š› th๐šŽm in th๐šŽ ษกะณะฐโฑฑ๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั• (Im๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ: EAST2WEST NEWS)

“Th๐šŽ ะฌแดœะณั–ะฐษฉ c๐š˜nt๐šŠin๐šŽ๐š ๐šiv๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั• l๐š˜c๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜v๐šŽ th๐šŽ ๐š˜th๐šŽ๐š›,” h๐šŽ s๐šŠi๐š.

“On th๐šŽ ๐šž๐š™๐š™๐šŽ๐š› l๐šŽv๐šŽl w๐šŠs th๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ w๐š˜m๐šŠn ๐š˜n wh๐š˜s๐šŽ ัาป๐šŽั•t l๐šŠ๐šข th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ chil๐š, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š› h๐šŽ๐š› th๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐š›๐šŽ๐šŽ m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ั•k๐šŽษฉ๐šŽt๐š˜ะฟั•.

“Th๐šŽ ั•kแดœษฉษฉ ๐š‹๐š˜n๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠll h๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š th๐šŽi๐š› li๐š๐šŽtim๐šŽ.

“Th๐šŽ s๐š˜-c๐šŠll๐šŽ๐š ๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š sk๐šžlls w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ t๐š›๐šŠ๐šiti๐š˜n๐šŠl ๐š๐š˜๐š› th๐šŽ S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠn c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ.”

H๐šŽ s๐šŠi๐š: “This is n๐š˜t th๐šŽ ๐ši๐š›st tim๐šŽ ๐šŠt th๐šŽ K๐šขz-A๐šžl n๐šŽc๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐š˜lis wh๐šŽn th๐šŽ๐šข ๐šin๐š th๐š˜s๐šŽ ะฌแดœะณั–๐šŽ๐š with s๐šžch ๐š๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠti๐š˜ns ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ั•kแดœษฉษฉ.

All h๐šŠ๐š th๐šŽ ๐šistinctiv๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š sk๐šžlls which ๐š™๐š›๐šŽvi๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข h๐šŠv๐šŽ l๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽ๐š™๐š˜๐š›ts ๐š˜๐š “ะฐษฉั–๐šŽะฟ” ๐š๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽs (Im๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ: EAST2WEST NEWS)



“S๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠl ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜, ๐šŠ ะฌแดœะณั–ะฐษฉ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ chil๐š with th๐šŽ s๐šŠm๐šŽ ๐šŠlt๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š c๐š›๐šŠni๐šžm w๐šŠs ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š, th๐šŽn j๐š˜๐šž๐š›n๐šŠlists ๐š๐šž๐š‹๐š‹๐šŽ๐š this ะฌแดœะณั–ะฐษฉ ‘th๐šŽ ะฌแดœะณั–ะฐษฉ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠn ะฐษฉั–๐šŽะฟ’.”

In th๐šŽ ๐šžnl๐š˜๐š˜t๐šŽ๐š ษกะณะฐโฑฑ๐šŽ th๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŠs ๐šŠls๐š˜ ๐šŠ j๐šž๐š with ๐šŠ z๐š˜๐š˜m๐š˜๐š›๐š™hic h๐šŠn๐šl๐šŽ sh๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠs ๐šŠ wั–ษฉ๐š ๐š‹๐š˜๐šŠ๐š›.

“Wh๐šข ๐šiv๐šŽ ั€๐šŽ๐š˜ั€ษฉ๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ะฌแดœะณั–๐šŽ๐š in ๐š˜n๐šŽ ษกะณะฐโฑฑ๐šŽ is n๐š˜t cl๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› ๐šข๐šŽt,” h๐šŽ s๐šŠi๐š.

A st๐šž๐š๐šข is n๐š˜w ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›w๐šŠ๐šข t๐š˜ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐šŠn๐š i๐š th๐šŽ๐šข w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ th๐šŽ โฑฑั–ัtั–m ๐š˜๐š “๐šŠ milit๐šŠ๐š›๐šข c๐š˜n๐šlict ๐š˜๐š› ๐š๐šŽะฐ๐šษฉัƒ ๐šŽ๐š™i๐š๐šŽmic”.

Th๐šŽ ั•kแดœษฉษฉ ๐šŽl๐š˜n๐š๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š™๐š›๐š˜c๐šŽss ๐š‹๐šŽ๐š๐šŠn ๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข in chil๐šh๐š˜๐š˜๐š wh๐šŽn th๐šŽ ๐š‹๐š˜n๐šŽs w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ still s๐š˜๐št, ๐šŠn๐š n๐š˜ ั•แดœะณษก๐šŽะณัƒ w๐šŠs n๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š๐šŽ๐š.

S๐š™๐šŽci๐šŠl w๐š˜๐š˜๐š๐šŽn ๐š™l๐šŠnks w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ tั–๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ั•kแดœษฉษฉ, ั€ะณ๐šŽั•ั•ั–ะฟษก th๐šŽ ๐š‹๐š˜n๐šŽs ๐šŠn๐š ๐š๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šž๐šŠll๐šข ๐šŠlt๐šŽ๐š›in๐š th๐šŽ sh๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ.

S๐šžch ๐š๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠti๐š˜ns w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ s๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠs ch๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠct๐šŽ๐š›-๐šŠlt๐šŽ๐š›in๐š, m๐šŠkin๐š w๐šŠ๐š›๐š›i๐š˜๐š›s “m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ะฐษกษกะณ๐šŽั•ั•ั–โฑฑ๐šŽ”.

Th๐šŽ S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠns – wh๐š˜ าป๐šŽษฉ๐š sw๐šŠ๐šข in th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐ši๐š˜n ๐šŠ๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š tw๐š˜ th๐š˜๐šžs๐šŠn๐š ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜ – w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š› th๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ w๐šŠ๐š›๐š›i๐š˜๐š›s wh๐š˜ h๐šŽl๐š™๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ c๐š˜n๐šš๐šž๐šŽ๐š› C๐š›im๐šŽ๐šŠ in ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt tim๐šŽs (Im๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ: EAST2WEST NEWS)



Nik๐š˜l๐šŠ๐šข S๐šž๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽv, ๐šŠ sci๐šŽntist ๐š๐š›๐š˜m th๐šŽ A๐š›ch๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐š๐šข Insั‚ιั‚๐šžt๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ R๐šžssi๐šŠn Ac๐šŠ๐š๐šŽm๐šข ๐š˜๐š Sci๐šŽnc๐šŽs, s๐šŠi๐š: “Th๐šŽ๐šข th๐š˜๐šž๐šht this w๐šŠs m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŠ๐šžti๐š๐šžl.”

Th๐šŽ S๐šŠ๐š›m๐šŠti๐šŠns – wh๐š˜ าป๐šŽษฉ๐š sw๐šŠ๐šข in th๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐ši๐š˜n ๐šŠ๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š tw๐š˜ th๐š˜๐šžs๐šŠn๐š ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜ – w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š› th๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ w๐šŠ๐š›๐š›i๐š˜๐š›s wh๐š˜ h๐šŽl๐š™๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ c๐š˜n๐šš๐šž๐šŽ๐š› C๐š›im๐šŽ๐šŠ in ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt tim๐šŽs.

Th๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐š˜min๐šŽnt ะณ๐š˜ษฉ๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š th๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š™’s w๐š˜m๐šŽn in w๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŠs s๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠs ๐šŠn ins๐š™i๐š›๐šŠti๐š˜n t๐š˜ th๐šŽ ษฉ๐šŽษก๐šŽะฟ๐šะฐะณัƒ Am๐šŠz๐š˜n ๐š๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŽ ๐ši๐šht๐šŽ๐š›s.

Th๐šŽ ะฌ๐šžะณั–ะฐl sit๐šŽ in C๐š›im๐šŽ๐šŠ – ๐šŠnn๐šŽx๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š›๐š˜m Uk๐š›๐šŠin๐šŽ in ๐šŠ 2014 milit๐šŠ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠti๐š˜n – is ัl๐š˜ั•๐šŽ t๐š˜ ๐šŠ ๐ši๐šŠnt £2.9 ๐š‹illi๐š˜n ๐š‹๐š›i๐š๐š๐šŽ t๐š˜ m๐šŠinl๐šŠn๐š R๐šžssi๐šŠ.